CONTENTS

C. Maman. — Opening Speech....................................................................                5

W. Benjelloun.  — African Universities and Science Diplomacy in

favour of Alternative Sources of Energy................................................              11

P. Frix. — The Main Challenges for Financing Sustainable Energy in

Africa. Lessons from the Past and New Opportunities for PPP, viewed

from a European Point of View................................................................              17

M. El Tayeb & I. E. El Tayeb. — Sustainable Energy Mix for Africa and

MENA Region Countries.................................................................................              43

P. J. Agrell et al. — Sustainable Energy Transition: An Operations Re­-

search Perspective.......................................................................................              61

P. Tchouate Héteu. — Tout ce que vous voulez savoir sur les énergies

renouvelables en Afrique...........................................................................              75

F. Misser. — Inga: A Necessary Mega-Project that still needs to mature............              81

P. Baeten et al. — The Development of Small Modular Reactors for

Emerging Nuclear Countries in Africa.....................................................              95

J.-N. Marien et al. — Wood: An Ever Present Domestic Energy Priority

for People in Emerging Africa..........................................................................            111

S. Soares-Frazão & Y. Zech. — Sharing Knowledge Online and Im-

proving Education by Using MOOCs......................................................            125

E. Colombo & L. Mattarolo. — Measuring Sustainable Energy Pro-

jects to Orient Strategies for Meeting People Needs, and a New Role

of Science.....................................................................................................            135

Posters

P. Koninckx. — Development of Advanced Energy Technologies in Africa:

Success Stories obtained and Challenges left from both Technological and

Managerial Points of View...............................................................................            151

Y. Coulibaly. — Role of Renewable Energy in the Fight against Glo-

bal Warming: The Context of Africa......................................................            153

T. Steinparzer et al. — Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Innovative

Solutions for Steel Industry.......................................................................            165

T. Mercier et al. — Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Bringing Flexibil-

ity to the South African Power System...................................................            171

J. B. Niyonzima & P. Hendrick. — Small Hydropower Development

in Burundi.....................................................................................................            179

J.-L. Delplancke. — Fuel Cells and Hydrogen for Emerging Countries:

Flexible Devices for the Production of Sustainable Electricity in Africa                          205

J.-M. Wautelet et al. — Concentrated Solar Power, Battery Storage for Solar

Photovoltaic (PV) Flexibility, Solar PV for Water Pumping and Biomass

Applications: Solution for Sustainable and Flexible Power..............................            211

L. Seyitini. — Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Technologies for Elec-

tricity Generation in Harare, Zimbabwe: Comparison of Two Options,

Solar Tower (ST) and Parabolic Trough (PT).........................................            221

M. Vergote & N. Windels. — PV Generation Optimized for Remote

Households in Central Africa....................................................................            227

C. Kapseu & L. D. T. Atoukam. — Science and Diplomacy in Central

and Western Africa: Remarkable Achievements and Challenges.....            235

M. Okana Nsiawi Otiin et al. — Use of Distributed Generation to im-

prove Operation of Overloaded Grids in Africa.....................................            243

Conclusions

J. Smets. — Closing Remarks.......................................................................            251

G. Van Goethem. — Summary and Tentative Conclusions.................            255

Policy Note

G. Van Goethem & P. Goyens. — Science Diplomacy: Added Value

for our International Policy?.....................................................................            295